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"It is certainly possible to have a web site that is worse for your business than no web site at all...Whoever is making a web page, no matter what it looks like, is moving forward and trying new things...in the empowerment of this media..."
  Williams & Tollett

Do's & Don'ts/Site & Page Design Tips for Content

Everyone has an opinion. It's not necessary or even helpful to trash someone's communication and design efforts. Even a "dorky" site is the product of good intention and differing tastes,  while moving a step forward. Even pretty good sites can be critically analyzed and improved. The big "but" that you hear coming is that there is a body of knowledge on what makes for a better-designed site and it is not a matter of making a page prettier or enforcing an aesthetic standard so much as it is a matter of communicating more effectively.

We will look at many people's ideas for do's & don'ts, and tips for designing for effective content. Remember, these are rules that usually work and give you good advice. They may be broken but should not be broken without a clear purpose for doing so that overrides the inherent value they offer to your site and page effectiveness by following them.

Williams and Tollett give us a nice checklist in their excellent book "The Non-designer's Web Book."

Not-so-Good Checklist
Backgrounds 
  • Gray default background color
  • Color combinations of text and background that make the text hard to read
  • Busy, distracting backgrounds that make the text hard to read
Text 
  • Text crowding against the left edge
  • Text that stretches all the way across the page
  • Centered type over flush left body copy
  • Paragraphs of type in all caps
  • Paragraphs of type in bold
  • Paragraphs of type in italic
  • Paragraphs of type in all caps, bold, and italic all at once
Links
  • Default blue links
  • Blue link borders around graphics
  • Links that are not clear about where they will take you to
  • Links in body copy that distract readers and lead them off to remote, useless pages
  • Text links that are not underlined so you don't know it's a link
  • Dead links (links that don't work anymore)
  • Orphan Pages (links that lead to an "orphan page" with no return links)
Graphics
  • Large graphic files that take forever to download
  • Meaningless or useless graphic files
  • Thumbnail images that are nearly as large as the full-sized images they link to
  • Graphics with 'halos' of icky stuff (called anti-aliasing 'artifacts') around the edges
  • Graphics with no alt labels
  • Missing graphics, especially missing graphics with no alt labels
  • Graphics that don't fit on the screen
Tables
  • Borders turned on in tables
  • Tables used as design elements, especially with extra large (dorky) borders
Blinking and Animations
  • Anything that blinks, especially text
  • Multiple things that blink
  • Rainbow rules
  • Rainbow rules that blink or animate
  • Under construction' signs, especially of little men working
  • Animated 'under construction' signs
  • Animated pictures for e-mail
  • Animations that never stop
  • Multiple animations that never stop
Junk
  • Counters on pages-does anyone care?
  • Junky advertising
  • Having to scroll sideways (horizontally)
  • Too many little pictures on the first page of awards that don't mean anything

 

Navigation
  • Unclear navigation; overly complex navigation
  • Complicated frames, too many frames, unnecessary scrollbars in frames
  • Orphan pages (no links back to where they came from, no identification)
  • Useless page titles that don't explain what the page is about
General Design
  • Entry page or home page that does not fit within standard browser window (640 x 460 pixels) (Monitor defaults are 72 pixels per inch Mac; pc is 96 pixels per inch)
  • No focal point on the page
  • Too many focal points on a page
  • Navigation buttons as the only visual interest, especially when they're large (and dorky)
  • Cluttered, not enough alignment
  • Lack of contrast (in color, text, to create hierarchy of info, etc.)
  • Pages that look okay in one browser but not in another

 

So-Much-Better-Checklist
Text
  • Background does not interrupt the text
  • Text is big enough to read, but not too big
  • The hierarchy of information is perfectly clear
  • Columns of text are narrower than in a book to make reading easier on the screen
Navigation
  • Navigation buttons and bars are easy to understand and use
  • Frames, if used, are not obtrusive
  • A large site has an index or site map
Links
  • Link colors coordinate with page colors
  • Links are underlined so they are instantly clear to the visitor
  • The links give the visitor a clue as to where they are, what page they are currently on
Graphics
  • Every graphic has an alt label
  • Every graphic link has a matching text link
  • Buttons are not big and dorky
  • Graphics and backgrounds use browser-safe colors
  • Animated graphics turn off by themselves
General Design
  • Pages download quickly
  • First page and home page fit into 640 x 460 space
  • All other pages have the important stuff in 640 x 460
  • Good use of graphic elements (photos, subheads, pull quotes) to break up large areas of text
  • Every web page in the site looks like it belongs to the same site; there are repetitive elements that carry throughout the pages

 

Jakob Neilson's Top 10 and NEW Top 10 Web Design Mistakes 

Top Ten Web Design Mistakes http://www.useit.com/alertbox/990502.html

New Top Ten Web Design Mistakes http://www.useit.com/alertbox/990530.html

Tips on Names, File Names and Site Organization:
Layout and Navigation Tips - some broad rules of thumb are:

Things People Say They Hate - ads, big images, strange errors and error messages, under construction, fad items repeated everywhere, new windows popping up unexpectedly, getting lost, bad searches, theme music that doesn't match your mood, broken links, horizontal scrolling, stretched images, slow loads, functions promised and not delivered, restricted numbers of searches, entries or quotes, orphan pages, etc.

Shopping Site Do's -

An Interesting "Eye-tracking Study" of how Users read Web Pages: http://www.mediainfo.com/ephome/news/newshtm/stop/st050300.htm

Note: Jakob Nielsen in his book Designing Web Usability has two excellent chapters (chapters 3 & 4) with outstanding examples of both content design and site design tips, do's and don'ts.