Practice Questions for Test 1

 

Chapter 1

 

  1. What group of microbes is non-cellular?
    1. Bacteria
    2. Animals
    3. Fungi
    4. Protists
    5. Viruses
  2. Describe 4 applications of microbiology research.
  3. Describe how Louis Pasteur disproved Spontaneous Generation in microbes.
  4. Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic by accident. What did he name this antibiotic?
    1. Antibody
    2. Antigen
    3. Penicillin
    4. Vancomycin
    5. Vaccination

 

Chapter 2

 

  1. Calculate the net weight and the net charge of an atom containing 3 electrons 4 protons, and 4 neutrons.
  2. Describe the difference among covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. Which is the strongest? Which is represented by +/- charges? Which forms molecules? Which exists between polar molecules?
  3. How many times more acidic is a substance at pH6 versus pH10?
  4. What property of water is most relevant to dissolving table salt?
    1. Adhesive
    2. Cohesive
    3. Heat sink
    4. Liquid
    5. Solvent
  5. Define a calorie.
  6. What class of organic molecule tends to be most non-polar? Which contains RNA?
    1. Carbohydrates
    2. Lipids
    3. Nucleic Acids
    4. Proteins
  7. Draw out the four levels of protein structure showing how it folds up in each stage.
  8. What lipid makes up membranes?
    1. Fatty acid
    2. Phospholipds
    3. Triacylglycerol
    4. Steroids

 

Chapter 4

 

  1. Give four differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  2. Draw a sarcinacoccus. Draw a streptobacillus.
  3. Describe the differences among spiral shaped organisms.
  4. What cell wall type contains LPS? Techoic acids? Mycolic acids?
  5. The portion of a flagellum that anchors it to the cell membrane is called:
    1. Basal body
    2. Filament
    3. Fimbrium
    4. Hook
    5. Pilin
  6. Describe the “fluid” and “mosaic” portions of the “fluid-mosaic model” of membrane structure.
  7. What is not example of passive transport across a membrane.
    1. Oxygen passing into a cell by diffusion
    2. Osmosis
    3. ATP-driven pump
    4. Facilitated diffusion of glucose
  8. What prokaryotic organelle makes proteins? Stores DNA? Stores nutrients?
  9. What eukaryotic organelle stores DNA? Contains digestive enzymes? Makes ATP? Functions in detoxification?
  10. All of the following are evidence for endosymbiosis except:
    1. Membranes of prokaryotes do not contain phospholipids
    2. Organelles contain unique proteins
    3. Organelles have DNA
    4. Size of organelles similar to bacteria
    5. Symbiotic organisms exist.

 

Chapter 5

 

  1. Write out the general chemical formula of aerobic respiration.
  2. What organisms would make its own organic compounds using light energy?
    1. Chemoautotrophs
    2. Photoautotrophs
    3. Chemoheterotrophs
    4. Photoheterotrophs
  3. Draw out the cycle of enzyme function. Include the three steps: binding, reaction, release.
  4. What is feedback inhibition? Describe noncompetitive and competitive inhibition.
  5. What are the four stages of aerobic respiration? Put them in order of occurrence. What stages create ATP? CO2? NADH? FADH2?
  6. Explain why humans (or microbes) use fermentation?
  7. Draw out photosynthesis light-dependent and light independent reactions.
  8. What is another name for the Calvin Cycle?
    1. Chemiosmosis
    2. Electron transport
    3. Kreb’s Cycle
    4. Light dependent reactions
    5. Light independent reactions
  9. All stages below include an electron transport chain except:
    1. Calvin Cycle
    2. Cyclic photophosphorylation
    3. Last stage of aerobic respiration
    4. Noncyclic photophosphorylation
  10. All of the following are events in electron transport and chemiosmosis. Which comes first?
    1. Electrons are passed through the electron transport chain.
    2. Hydrogen ions get pumped across the membrane
    3. Hydrogen ion goes through ATP synthase
    4. NADH donates an electron to the electron transport chain
    5. Oxygen gas picks up electrons